QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER | JUL-SEP 2026

The UN Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech defines hate speech as “any kind of communication in speech, writing or behaviour, that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identity factor.” However, UN also suggests that there is no universal definition of hate speech. This policy brief examines how this vagueness creates opportunities for the spread of hate speech within society.